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高考英语复习方法(3)

re committee提高，向……提建议；（５）lay＋宾＋宾补：使处于某种状态。注意一些容易与lay混淆的词的用法：lay-laid-laid-laying放置，产卵；lie-lay-lain-lying躺，位于；lie-lied-lied-lying说谎。

　　这样的词是构成英语阅读理解词汇的主要部分，它们都属于基础词汇。如果同学们忽视了或者在做题的过程中与相近的词语弄混了，会极大地影响阅读理解的准确性。

　　很多同学觉得阅读理解做起来很困难，一个重要的原因是不了解英语文章结构的特点。一般英语文章结构的特点是：

　　第一部分——Topic sentence（subject/controlling idea），即主题句；

　　第二部分——Supporting sentence，即支持主题句的事例或细节A、B、C；

　　第三部分——Concluding sentence，即结论。

　　同学们在阅读就要把握住英语文章的这些特点，利用相应的阅读技巧。我们以下面这篇文章为例（问题选项略）：

　　Everywhere, you will always find “the white-haired boy”, sometimes called “the fair-haired boy”. He gets special treatment, as if he were above everyone else. You will find him in school, in college, at home, or where you work.

　　In school, he is the teacher’s darling who can do nothing wrong. Sometimes she lets him do little jobs for her. He comes to class in the morning, all shiny and clean. He is always raising his hand, ready with an answer to the teacher’s questions. And he knows all the answers. He gets in your hair, especially if you are at the bottom of the class and the teacher you are stupid. How you hate him!

　　At college, he walks——more often stride——across the school grounds as if he owned them. Sometimes he wears a colorful football or basketball shirt or sweater, with a bright red, or green or yellow college letter proudly worn on the front of it. What broad shoulders and what muscles he has! He makes the girls happy by just smiling at them. He has the mark of success on him.

　　At home, “the fair-haired boy” is mother’s choice, her favorite. Sometimes, he is the oldest son——at times, the youngest. If you are in between, you are out of luck.

　　Then, you discover that there are others who share your feeling, and are ready to “let their hair down”——to tell you their private thoughts. One of them asks, “Why does he have all that I haven’t got?” You ask yourself the same question.

　　Finally, there comes a day when you decide to stop hating him. Is it perhaps became he has been made the boss and you find yourself working for him?

　　Q：1. From the passage we can know “the white-haired boy” is _______________.

　　２. “Ｈｅ ｇｅｔｓｉｎ ｙｏｕｒ ｈａｉｒ” （ｉｎ Ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ ２） ｍｅａｎｓ “ ”.

　　3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　4. In the author’s opinion, you finally stop hating the “white-haired boy” because __________.

　　首先要对有关的词句、指称进行确认，切勿张冠李戴。如第1题中的关键部分就是“the fair-haired boy”，这就是文章总体要表达的主题。

　　在找出阅读文章的思维主线之后，同学们就可以根据语篇的信息线索，主动地预测下文情节的发展以及作者思路的走向。同时应利用语境（语篇中的各种语言环境因素，其中包括上下文、言语语气、暗示等）来推断出隐藏在表层语言中的深层含义。如第2题，从语境“especially if you are at the bottom of the class and the teacher you are stupid. How you hate him!”就可以很容易地找出正确答案。

　　最后要注意总结和归纳。同学们在平时的阅读中要有意识地进行自我训练，利用综合信息得出结论。如第4题就是考查同学们对整篇文章结论的考查，即“the white-hair boy is always lucky and fortunate”。

　　5．短文改错&书面表达

　　短文改错与书面表达密不可分。事实上，同学们在短文改错中遇到的错误项就是平时自己写作过程中最容易出现错误的地方。因此同学们在日常写作时可以相互修改、修正错误，以提高短文改错的应试能力。

　　书面表达在总分150分的高考英语试卷中占25～35分，是容易拉分的部分。近几年来，高考英语书面表达的话题一般集中在介绍学生身边的人或物、生活变化、行为习惯、阅读兴趣以及公民道德等；所给的形式一般有图表、要点、诗歌等多种形式。同学们要提高书面表达的能力，需要掌握必要的应试技巧，如审清题意，罗列要点，确定顺序和基调，语言表达，检查、修改以及规范书写等。

　　同时，同学们可以运用以下方法来增强书面表达的效果：

　　一是使用较高级的词汇。例如“Suddenly I thought out a good idea.”表达为“A good idea occurred to me.”后，其效果明显就增强了。

　　二是使用较丰富的句式。例如长短句、从句和简单句等的交替使用能够使文章更加形象、生动。

　　三是使用恰当的连接词。例如“I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it. In other words, I am fed up with it.”中的“That is to say”“In other words”就能让你的思维表达得更加清晰。

　　另外，同学们普遍存在的一个问题是考试时对各个题型的时间分配不当。因此，为了能有效地提高答题的速度和准确率，限时训练是这一阶段不可或缺的任务。

　　下面是考纲为每个题型设置的答题参考时间：

　　听力：20分钟

　　单项填空和完形填空：25分钟

　　阅读理解：35分钟

　　短文改错和书面表达：40分钟

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